



another'in said horizontal positions, and means yieldingly resisting swinging of the bars horizontally toward one other about the vertical axes.

2. An exercising deviceto be mounted on a vertical support comprising a. pair of bars, means supporting the bars from their inner ends to pro- :ject divergently forward from the support and for swinging movement about substantially vertical axes, and means for yieldingly resisting movement of the bars comprising lever elements connected with the bars, resilient means associated with the lever elements, and means for adjusting, the lever elements to vary the resistance'toswinging of the bars.

3. An exercising device to be mounted on a vertical" support comprising a body, means for mounting the body for vertical adjustment on the support, a pair of bars, horizontally spaced means supporting the bars on the. body from their ends for free swinging movement about substantially horizontal axes and for swinging movement about substantially vertical axes, handles on the outer ends of the bars to be grasped by the operator when his arms are extended horizontally, each means comprising a member supported on the body for movement about a substantially vertical axis and carrying the bar for movement about a substantially horizontal axis and a spring in connection with each member for resisting movement of the bars toward the operator in a horizontal plane.

4. An exercising device comprising a body having a pair of spaced openings, pivotally mounted members received in said openings, bars carried by said members to be swingable toward and away from one another, and means in the body associated with said members for yieldingly resisting swinging of the bars.

5. An exercising device comprising a body having a pair of spaced openings, members pivoted to the body, bars carried by said members to be swingable toward and away from one another,

adjusting screws carried by said members to extend into-the body through the openings, spring elements in the body, and means associating the spring elements with the screws to yieldingly resist swinging of the bars in one direction and to have their movement resisting action varied by rotation of the screws.

6. An' exercising device comprising a body forming a-housing having a pair of spaced openings, members pivotally carried in the body, bars carried by said members at the exterior of the body to be swingable toward and away from one another, screws adjustably threaded through the members to extend into the body through the openings, springs in the body, and means connecting the springs with the screws to yieldingly resist swinging of the bars in one direction and to be adjusted by the screws to offer varying degrees of resistance to swinging of the bars.

7. An exercising device comprising a body, a

pair of bars, members pivoted to the body to turn 8; An exercising device comprising a body, a

pair'of bars, members pivoted to the body to turn about substantially vertical axes, fittings on the inner ends of the bars, the members and fittings having registering openings, pins in said openings mounting the bars to swing about substantially horizontal axes, means yieldingly resisting swinging of the bars toward one another about sai'dvertical axes and urging the bars and members outwardly away from one another, and shock-absorbing means on the body limiting out- .ward swinging of the bars.

9. An exercising. device for mounting on a vertical support comprising a body to be mounted on the support and forming a housing the interior of which is accessible only from the support side of. the body when the body is removed from the support, a; pair of bars, members mounting the bars on the body to normally depend therefrom and operate to project therefrom and swing horizontally toward and away from one another, and means housed in the body connected with the members to yieldingly resist swinging of the bars in. one direction.

10. An. exercising device for mounting on a vertical support comprising a body to be mounted on the support and forming a housing the interior of which is accessible only'from the support side of the body when the body is removed from the support, the body having openings in its front, exercising bars, members obstructing the openings supporting the bars at the exterior of the body to normally depend therefrom and for swinging movement horizontally toward and away from. one another, and means in the body operatively connected with the members to yieldingly resist swingingiof the bars toward one another.

11. An exercising device for mounting on a vertical support comprising a body to be mounted on the support and forming a housing the interior of which is accessible only from the support side of the body when the body is removed from the support, the body having a pair of openings in its front, exercising bars, members mounted in the openings supporting the bars at the exterior of the body to normally depend therefrom and for horizontal swinging movement toward and away from one another, spring means housed in the body, parts .on the members at the interior of the. body, and connections in the body between the. spring means and said parts whereby the. spring means'resist swinging of the barstoward one another.

12. In an exercising device, a single elongate bar having a portion extending laterally and forwardly and a portion joining the outer end of the first named. portion and extending transversely of the longitudinal axis of the bar, said portions being integral with the bar, means supporting the bar at its inner end for swinging movement and against rotation on its own axis, and handle means. on the second named portion.

13. An. exercising device comprising a body, a pair of bars, means for connecting the inner ends of thebars with the body to be swingable inwardly and outwardly toward and away from one another, means on the body for limiting swinging of the bars in the outward direction, and means for adjusting the last named means to vary the extreme outward positions .of the bars.

14. An exercising device comprising a body, a pair of bars, means for connecting the inner ends of the bars with the body to be swingable about substantially vertical axes, means for yieldingly resisting swinging of the bars toward one anof solubility of the corrective metal in th foun-.

dation metal as well as bestowing special metallurgical properties upon the whole alloy by alloying' with the corrective metal a third, fourth, or even fifth corrective metal as will appear.

When phosphorus and iron are combined under circumstances that leave unoxidized phosphorus to react upon the iron, the result is iron phosphide as expressed by. the symbol FeaP. When the amount of phosphide is in a ratio of as much as 1.70%, to the iron, the mass of iron is said to be saturated with iron phosphide (FeaP). With an increase of phosphorus up to 10.2%, a eutectic alloy comes into existence composed of the saturated solid solution of FeaP in iron, and thin plates of iron phosphide (FeaP) distributed through the said solid solution. Fur-' ther increase of the proportion of phosphorus up to 15.58% results in a body composed of the iron phosphide plates surrounded by the eutectic alloy. Further increase ofthe phosphorus, materially above 15.58, causes the alloy to exist as a compound of iron phosphides.

Broadly analogous to the above stated effects of phosphorus permitted to react upon iron, are compounds of phosphorus with other metals herein enumerated and referred to as corrective metals. Moreover, the phosphiding of the cor-- rective metals will assist their entry into solution with iron and iron phosphide. For instance,

, in the case of copper, which normally enters into solution with iron in a .very small ratio, the present process greatly increases its ratio of solubility in iron or iron phosphide by the use of sufficient phosphorus to convert the corrective metal into copper phosphide; the ratio of solubility of such copper phosphide being approximately commensurate with the percentage of phosphorus combined with the copper.

When other metals alone or phosphided, for instance, nickel, cobalt, tin, lead, etc., are permitted to enter into solid solution with the copper phosphide its ratio of solubility is still further raised.

In addition to the described method of promoting solubility of metals, generally, in iron phosphide-and chemically immunizing them, the present application deals with ternary iron alloys per se using nickel and other metals as disembrittling corrective media; also those combinations of metals formingalloys of quaternary and more complex than quaternary alloys not specifically claimed in and' properly divisible from -my herein identified application Serial No.

140,580. That is to say thepresent application deals broadly with the principle of alloying whereby larger proportions of metals maybe caused to enter properly into solution in. the

phosphide of the foundation metal and become chemically protected thereby while themselves correcting physical properties of the phosphide. It also deals with certain alloying ingredients which may be beneficially used in addition to copper and other metals in lending physical properties to high phosphorus alloys.

Even the production of alloys in general, in-

volving, as foundation metal, iron phosphide normally having a large coarse grain but largely corrected by the introduction into solution therewithof phosphided disembrittling metal, is within the method claims of my present invention; alloys per se claimed herein being those e claimed in my antecedent applications.

The invention has for some of its objects to provide alloys which are rendered immune to chemical reaction without sacrificing physical properties that may be required in service where chemically reactive influences are encountered; also to provide alloys which not only have the chemically resistant capacity referred to, and the physical properties, but are rendered particullarly desirable by the incorporation, of one or more alloying ingredients which have been found to bestow other desirable qualities; to provide alloys having the capacities described, in which the alloying ingredients may be used in a wide range'of proportions and thereby correspondingly increase the range of'uses to which the alloy may be put; and to provide chemically resistant alloys in which the alloying ingredients, found desirable for use for.purposes within the purview of the invention but which normally enter into solution with the foundation metal only in minor proportions, may be made to correctly alloy therewith in desired larger proportions. i

The invention proceeds upon the principle of incorporating with a foundation metal or alloy of metals, a proportion of phosphorus suflicient to convert the metal or alloy into chemically resistant phosphide or phosphides, with the proportion of phosphorus commensurate with the degree of resistance desired; and at the same timeutilizing phosphorus for insuring the presence with the phosphide of a strengthening metal which will have the eflect of neutralizing physical impairment of the phosphided metal, at least to an extent which will enable articles produced from the alloy to serve purposes for which they are intended, and particularly purposes incident or metals having the capacity of likewise lendin'g strength to the phosphided foundation metal, or else the capacity to bestow upon the alloy some other physical property or properties appropriate to the uses to which an article made from the resultant alloy is to be put, or both of said capacities; also the principle of adding a strengthening metal or metals of the iron group, such as cobalt or nickel, either separately or jointly, which enter into solution with the foundation metal, ,for instance, iron, .in various proportions between very wide limits; or a metal or metals of the iron group together with one or more other alloying ingredients, such, for instance, as copper, manganese, molybdenum, tin, tungsten, and vanadium, whichmay be selected for their influence upon the red hardness, fusing point or other physical properties of the resultant alloy; also the principle whereby, in the phosphided foundation metal 01' alloy, the solution of a desired large ratio of a particular strengthening metal, which normally enters into such solution only in a low ratio, may be promoted by including also a suitable proportion of one or more grain-refining metals or what I shall refer to as by-ingredients or solution-promoting ingredients. For instance,.whereas nickel is a good disembrittlingmetal and will enter into solution in iron phospide in any desirable proportions, copper, which is a good. grain refining and therefore disembrittling metal,.and also desirable for other physical properties will enter' proportions (around 10 or 12%) of copper not carried in by the phosphorus.

A high phosphorus iron alloy omitting both of the iron group conditioning metals as well as tin, but having good physical and chemical resistance responds to the formula iron 75%, molybdenum 10%, tungsten vanadium 2% and phosphorus corrective metals of normally limited solubility in' the foundation metal phosphide having a particular phosphorus content, and thereby produces a physically corrective alloy of'desired greater solubility in the foundation metal phosphide having the said phosphorus content. For instance, in a formula employing iron as the foundation metal with 25% copper and per would pass into solution and form iron copphosphorusi the D phosphorus together with-about 10% of the cop- Some scrap metalhas been found to ofier an economical source of physically corrective alloy suitable for some embodiments of the invention. For instance, metal commercially known as brass scrap which has been .found to be suitable since,

in addition to the copper and zinc conventionally included in brass, such scrap has been found to contain antimony, arsenic, bismuth, cadmium and tin; some of which, even in the small proportions in which they are found in the brass, will assist the copper in entering into solution, while others of them will have their efiect upon the fusing point of the resultant alloy. The use of the term "essential in connection with the use of elements of the claims herein is intended to convey the fact that such elements are the.

ones that contribute'to the results aimed at, and is not to indicate'that there are no other elements in the claims, since the exclusion of nonessential elements may be economically impossible owing to commercial sources relied upon for the essential ingredients.

per-phosphide grains, while the remainder of the copper would freeze into coarse grains which would not properly alloy with the iron phosph'ide,

but would gravitate to the bottom .of the bathand,

remain separate from the iron phosphide alloy. If, however, a by-ingredient is used in such a heat, for instance, nickel or molybdenum in a proportion appropriate to the 15% of copper that would otherwise remain uncombined, a coppernickel or copper-molybdenum addition alloy would be formed and the entire copper would go into solution with the'iron phosphide and produce thedesired effect as to solution, grain-size, physical properties and protection against chemical action.

balt, copper,

, g'anese, molybdenum, tungsten,

I I claim:

1. A chemically resistant and physically strong alloy comprising as its foundation metal iron in a proportion of from about 29% to about said alloy also containing a disembrittling metal which is at least one of the metals nickel, co-

molybdenum, and tungsten in a proportion of from about 5% to about 25%; grain refining corrective metal which is at least one difierent metal taken from the list tin, man

and vanadium in a proportion of from about 1% to about 19%; andphosph'orus from about 8% to about 25%. 2; A chemically res tant and physically strong iron phosphorous alloy comprisingiron about 75%; phosphorus about 8%; molybdenum about 10%; tungsten about 5%; and vanadium about 2%. v ROY BARNARD MCCAULEY. 

